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Periodontics is a specialty of dentistry that deals with the tissues that surround the tooth and anchor it in the jaw: the gums, the supporting bone and the fibers that connect them. A periodontist diagnoses and treats diseases affecting these tissues, including diseases around dental implants. The specialty also covers implants and bone rehabilitation - bone grafts, sinus lifts and treatment of bony defects.
Gum disease is far more common than people tend to think: about 4 in 10 adults aged 30 and over in the United States suffer from advanced gum disease, periodontitis. Gum disease and tooth decay are the leading causes of tooth loss.
The disease usually progresses without pain. Bleeding when brushing or red, swollen gums are often dismissed as a minor issue, while the process continues to deepen below the gum line.
The disease begins with bacteria that accumulate on the teeth and penetrate below the gums. When they remain there over time, layers of plaque and tartar form, and the result is superficial gum inflammation — gingivitis. As the disease worsens, the gums pull away from the teeth, and pockets form between them that fill with infection. This is the periodontitis stage.
The difference between the stages is fundamental: superficial gum inflammation can be reversed through professional cleaning and diligent oral hygiene, whereas periodontitis cannot be fully cured — but it can be controlled and its progression halted with appropriate treatment.
Smoking is a major factor in severe gum disease. Diabetes is also linked to the disease in a two-way relationship: gum disease can worsen blood sugar control.
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